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Women in Architecture: Sigrid Lorenzen Rupp

In the world of modern architecture, where innovation and sustainability intersect, the legacy of Sigrid Lorenzen Rupp shines brightly. At Optima®, where we celebrate trailblazing figures in architecture, Rupp’s contributions to design and her relentless advocacy for women in this field stand as a beacon of inspiration.

Early Life and Education

Born in 1943, in the war-torn landscape of Bremerhaven, Germany, Rupp’s journey to the pinnacle of architectural acclaim began with her family’s emigration to the United States in the 1950s. Her early years in a new country set the stage for a life marked by groundbreaking achievements.

Rupp’s academic pursuits led her to the University of California, Berkeley. Here, amidst the revolutionary spirit of the 60s and 70s, she cultivated her passion for architecture, graduating in 1966 with a Bachelor of Architecture. This period was instrumental in shaping her approach to design – one that would resonate with empathy, functionality, and environmental sensitivity.

Stanford’s Storey Residence House, Photo from Google Maps
Stanford’s Storey Residence House, Photo from Google Maps

A Career Defined by Innovation and Sustainability

Rupp’s professional journey was characterized by her unique approach to architectural design. In 1976, she established her own firm, SLR Architects, in Palo Alto, California, specializing in high-tech industrial and corporate buildings. Her work, particularly in Silicon Valley, was ahead of its time, merging practicality with innovative design. The Apple Computer Manufacturing Facility in Fremont, California, stands as a testament to her visionary approach – a space that was as humane as it was functional.

Other of Rupp’s most recognized works include Stanford’s Storey House and Press Building and an RF Testing Facility for Apple, which she was awarded an AIA Honor Award for, and a factory for Raychem Corp. She was also a member of the Union Internationale des Femmes , Organization of Women Architects and the American Institute of Architects. 

Raychem Corp’s six-year factory retrofit and rehab completed under Rupp, taken 1987, Photo from Menlo Park Planning flickr
Raychem Corp’s six-year factory retrofit and rehab completed under Rupp, taken 1987, Photo from Menlo Park Planning flickr

Beyond her architectural feats, Rupp was a fervent advocate for gender equality in the male-dominated field of architecture. She mentored young women architects, breaking down barriers and challenging the status quo. Her involvement in professional organizations bolstered her efforts to support and empower women in the field. Rupp’s advocacy went beyond mere words; her own firm exemplified inclusivity and equal opportunity.

Sigrid Lorenzen Rupp’s contributions to architecture and women’s rights have left an indelible mark on the profession. Her pioneering work in sustainable design and her efforts to pave the way for women in architecture resonate strongly today.

Rupp’s work serves as a reminder of the power of architecture to not only shape landscapes but also to break barriers and create inclusive spaces. Her story is not just one of architectural achievement; it’s a narrative of resilience, innovation, and unwavering commitment to equality and sustainability.

Women in Architecture: Violeta Autumn

As part of our ongoing “Women in Architecture” series, we’re sharing the story of Violeta Autumn, whose distinguished career was committed to environmental protectionism and inclusion in the industry. Autumn’s designs earned her numerous accolades and recognition, and her work serves as an inspiration for architects today. Learn more about her life and career below.

The Life of Violeta Autumn
Violeta Autumn was born in 1930 Chiclayo, Peru to Russian Jewish immigrants and lived there until her family relocated to Oklahoma when she was 14. After graduating high school, Autumn attended the University of Oklahoma, where she studied under the legendary architect Bruce Goff and became the third woman to graduate from the school with a Bachelor of Architecture in 1953. In her future work, Autumn took inspiration from Goff’s use of organic design.

After completing her education, Autumn traveled across Europe during the summer, where she met her husband, Sanford Autumn, a psychologist. Autumn and her husband relocated to the San Francisco area after returning from Europe, and she obtained her California architect’s license soon after, in 1957.

Violeta Autumn's home in Sausalito, CA
Violeta Autumn’s home in Sausalito, CA

Notable Works and Achievements
Autumn’s architectural experience began with preparing construction drawings for Harold Dow, a Palo Alto-based architect. For several years, she illustrated renderings and designed murals for other architects and authors, but in 1959 she ventured out on her own, designing and building her own home and architectural studio in Sausalito, California as a first project. As her design vocabulary evolved, she continued to draw from other architects she worked with and admired, including Frank Lloyd Wright (with whom she apprenticed) and John Lautner, who went on to have a stellar career as a modernist architect in South California.

Autumn worked with engineer Haluk Akol to translate organic architecture philosophies into the home’s vertical cliff site. The building featured exposed concrete buttresses to stabilize the unique structural system, a two-story copper hood for its fireplace and unstained redwood. After its completion in the early 1960s, the home was widely celebrated, including features in Progressive Architecture and Look magazines.

Souverain Winery, Healdsburg, California, 1974

Autumn received her U.S. citizenship in 1963 and quickly became involved in aspects of local government, from joining her local Community Appearances Advisory Board to being named commissioner of the Planning Commission and to becoming a Sausalito City Councilwoman. Much of her work in public office mirrored her philosophies in architecture. She became largely known for her strong environmental protectionism along with the redevelopment of a host of important waterfront projects in the San Francisco Bay area.

Following her career in local government, Autumn partnered with fellow University of Oklahoma architectural graduate John Marsh Davis to create Davis-Autumn & Associates. Together, the two completed a host of projects, many of which are wineries still in existence in Sonoma and Napa Valley today, including Joseph Phelps Vineyards, Rutherford Hill Winery, Sullivan Vineyards and their most acclaimed, Souverain Winery. Designed and opened in 1974, the Souverain Winery won the American Institute of Architects Bay Area Honor Award for Design Excellence.

Violeta Autumn’s contributions to the field of architecture have left an indelible mark. Her work helped pave the way for future generations of practitioners who strive to create innovative, environmentally-friendly designs that prioritize community and inclusivity.

Women in Architecture: Lilian Rice

As part of our ongoing “Women in Architecture” series, we’re spotlighting an eco-conscious architect of the early 20th century, Lilian Rice. Inspired both by the historic Spanish Colonial design she grew up in and the organic philosophy that influenced her throughout college, Lilian Rice left an impressive mark on the architecture of Southern California. Learn more about her extraordinary life and work below:  

The Life of Lilian Rice

Born on June 12, 1889, Rice grew up in National City, California, just south of San Diego and only 10 miles north of the Mexican border. Her father, Julius Rice, was a prominent educator in the state and her mother, Laura Rice, an amateur painter and designer, both empowered her to pursue her interests in education and the arts. 

Growing up, Rice was heavily inspired and influenced by the abundant Spanish Colonial culture and architecture in the area, including the many adobe homes. In 1906, she moved to Northern California, where she started attending school at the University of California, Berkeley, where she studied architecture. Rice joined the school’s Architecture Association shortly after and quickly rose to a leadership position. At school, she also discovered her philosophy of holding a deep respect for each project’s surroundings and striving to protect their natural environments. 

Lilian Rice, The Claude and Florence Terwilliger Home, 1925, Courtesy of Don Terwilliger

Following her graduation in 1910, she moved back home to National City to care for her mother and acquired a job working with San Diego architect Hazel Wood Waterman – the city’s first female architect. While working for Waterman, Rice also spent time teaching at San Diego High School, leaving her influence on many future architects, including Samuel Hamill, FAIA. 

Notable Works and Achievements

In 1921 Rice’s career catapulted when Richard Requa and Herbert Jackson hired her as an associate in their architecture firm. During her first year, Requa and Jackson assigned Rice with designing a Civic Center for Rancho Santa Fe – an up-and-coming subdivision – which she eventually gained leadership over in 1923. 

Lilian Rice, The ZLCA Rowing Clubhouse, 1932, Photograph by Diane Y. Welch

From then on until 1927, the majority of Rice’s work involved developments and expansions within Rancho Santa Fe. Many of the projects she designed in the subdivision are listed in the U.S. National Register of Historic Places, including the Claude and Florence Terwilliger House and the Reginald M. and Constance Clotfelter Row House. In 1928, after she had received her architect’s license from California, Rice made the ambitious decision to open her own architecture firm.

Following the launch of her firm, Rice began working outside of Rancho Santa Fe, allowing her to step away from the Spanish Colonial style she was known for into more organic approaches. Even throughout the depression, Rice’s career excelled in the 1930s when she designed some of her most familiar works, including the Paul Ecke Ranch home, and both a boathouse and a clubhouse for the San Diego ZLAC Rowing Club in 1932.  

Lilian Rice, Mixed-use building holding La Valenciana Apartments and Rice’s office, Rancho Santa Fe, 1928. Courtesy of the Rancho Santa Fe Historical Society

Alongside her work, Rice has been a recipient of many architecture awards and achievements, including: 

  • AIA Honor Award, Chrstine Arnberg Residence, 1928
  • AIA Honor Award, ZLAC Rowing Club, 1933
  • AIA Honor Award, La Valenciana Apartments, 1933
  • 11 buildings listed to the National Register of Historic Places

Through her diverse catalog of architecture projects, Rice filled Southern California with more than 60 unique homes. And while the Spanish Colonial Revival was prevalent at the time, Rice was one of the leading architects who helped make it widespread throughout the state, leaving a reputation little can compare. 

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